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Public-speaking

Public Speaking

Some know how to inspire those around them and rock the crowd. A few are born with talent, but most of them learn how to do it. You can do it! Check out these chapters to learn how!




Model
What To Say




Public speaking is a form of communication, and all communication is made of four things: the sender, the message, the receiver, and feedback. We can’t change our receivers, the crowd in this case, but we can focus (ourselves) the sender and the message (our speech). We should also look for feedback while speaking, so we know if the audience is still with us. This chapter deals with the message, i.e. your speech.





CLEAR POINT



Make sure your speech has a clear point and conveys one idea. No matter what type of speech you have, try to summarize it into one sentence. That’s your point, and you should make sure everything in the speech relates to that. Anything you have that doesn’t support or relate to your point? Throw it out. All of it. It’s better to have a short, directed speech than a long, vague one.



VISUAL AID


Visual-aidVISUAL AIDS



Most speeches are better when the speaker uses visual aids (helpful illustrations). A visual aid can be pictures, objects, graphs, charts, or anything that illustrates your point. It can even be one thing that represents something else!


TAILOR TO THE AUDIENCE




This is where the receiver comes in. To mose effectively give a speech, we need to know our audience, specifically what they want to know and what they already know. For example, when giving a speech about car engines, we can skip the basics if we are talking to experience mechanics. Giving the same speech to people who aren’t mechanics though, we would have to start with some basic information about how an engine works.



HOW TO SAY



It The previous chapter gave us some insight on how to make our speeches more effective. Even the best speech however, is not effective if it isn’t given well. This chapter deals with the receiver, how we can give effective speeches.



VOICE



The speaker’s voice is the vessel that carries the speaker’s message, so it is an important component of speech delivery. A speaker’s voice should be strong and clear, but not loud. When speaking, try using your stomach muscles to project your voice. It’s hard to explain exactly how to do it here, but if you keep that in mind and practice, it will be clear very quickly. This should make your voice resonate without you having to be loud. On the other hand, a speaker’s voice shouldn’t be too soft. When a speaker speaks too softly, audiences tend to drift easily, and people may fall asleep or have trouble hearing. It also makes the speaker seem less confident and less believable.




INTONATION AND TONE




You may have had a lesson from a teacher or professor that spoke with the same tone of voice the whole time, making his or her speech sound like one, continuous buzzing sound. That’s nice if you’re trying to sleep, but we can’t do that if we want to give great speeches! Using intonation means changing the pitch of your voice (how high or low, like music) while speaking to keep your speech interesting. Using tone is similar, but more focused. That’s when we change our voice’s pitch to make certain words more or less important.
If a speaker is trying to say, for example, that the sun comes up during the day and not the moon, she or he could say the word “sun” in a higher pitch and a bit louder than the rest.


BODY



BodyTake a look at the picture above. This man is giving a speech, but what do you notice about him? He has a expressive face, he is moving his hands, and he looks professional.




EXPRESSION




When we are giving speeches, it is easy to forget that we are just communicating with the audience. Part of communication is the non-verbal aspects like facial expression. Different facial expressions convey meaning to any receiver, and it is easy to forget to use your face while giving a speech. Can you guess what the speaker in the picture is talking about, just by looking at his face?


GESTURES


Another part of non-verbal communication is gestures. Not only to we send messages with our faces, but also with our hands and body. While giving a speech, try to emphasize important points and illustrate concepts with your hands, just like if you were telling your friends a story.



APPEARANCE



A speaker is like an actor, and as such he or she needs to have the right costume. Like adjusting your speech to your audience, you should try to adjust your appearance to your topic and your audience. A speaker should try to look at least as professional as the audience. If they are wearing nice clothes, it is good for the speaker to wear nice clothes as well, if possible. However, if a speaker is giving a speech in front of working people who may distrust businessmen, it might be bad to wear a suit, because they might automatically distrust the speaker!



WHAT NOT TO DOSpeech-what-1Here is a short list of common mistakes that lots of presenters make. These are things we should definitely avoid when giving speeches.




*
Lack of Preparation:

Some presenters do not prepare well before giving a speech, and it makes them nervous, robbing them of their confidence. Be sure to prepare before giving a speech by practicing it for friends or in front of a mirror.



*
Overcomplicated Visual Aids:

When some people use charts and graphs, they tend to make them too complicated and unreadable. It’s much better to use more simple graphs than to cram too much informationi into one huge graph.



*
Repeating Text on a Visual Aid:


This is another problem with using visual aids. Some presenters write things down on a slide or poster and only read what is on the slide. This makes the presenter unnecessary! It’s better to only put keywords or short phrases on a slide and tell a story about how these words/ phrases relate to your main point. The best speakers show a picture or object and can tell a whole story about it, linking it to their speech.


*
Reading a Paper Word-for-Word:

Instead of preparing well, some presenters just write down their entire speech and read it out while presenting. This makes the speech boring, and the audience can tell immediately. It’s better to prepare well and memorize what you want to say, so you can concentrate on telling your story and not on reading your paper.

Thanks for looking at this module on public speaking!

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